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There are two sex chromosomes - X and Y. A person with two X chromosomes is female and a person with one X chromosome and one Y chromosome is male. One sex chromosome is inherited from each parent, with the sperm determining a child's sex.

Hemophilia is a sex-linked condition as these genes are located on a sex chromosome (i.e. Y chromosome). Males are hence more prone to hemophilia as they only have one X chromosome. The sons of a carrier female have a 50% chance of suffering from hemophilia. The daughters of a hemophiliac father and a carrier mother may be affected, where she receives an affected X from both parents.

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