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The scientific name for African Trypanosomiasis is Trypanosoma brucei. This disease is caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected tsetse flies. It is commonly known as sleeping sickness due to the neurological symptoms it can cause in the later stages of the disease.

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Sleeping sickness is also known as trypanosomiasis or African sleeping sickness. It's caused by a small parasite that leads to a serious infection in the brain and the meninges (the covering of the brain and spinal cord). African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei parasites in sub-Saharan Africa and is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina).African trypanosomiasis is caused by two species of Trypanosoma brucei: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (West African) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (East African). Both species of Trypanosoma are transmitted from human to human through the bite of the tsetse fly (Glossina) which is only found in rural parts of Africa. However, trypanosomes can also be transmitted from mother to child as the parasite can cross the placenta in the blood and infect the baby while it is still in the uterus.Once the brain is affected it results in changes in behavior, confusion, poor coordination, difficulties with speech and disturbance of sleep (sleeping through the day and insomnia at night), hence the term ‘sleeping sickness’.Without treatment, African trypanosomiasis is fatal.Four drugs are registered for treating African trypanosomiasis and are administered free of charge to countries where the disease is a problem. Pentamidine, Suramin, Melarsoprol, and Eflornithine.


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