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Each European nation was ruled by a king. He divided his nation into many smaller pieces, and each one he granted to a nobleman. The nobleman in return had to agree to pay some tax to the king and to fight for him if the king ever went to war. The nobleman was now the king's vassal. Each nobleman could even have his own vassals. The sons of nobleman who had no land often became knights, the highest ranking soldiers. The vast majority of the population, however, were poor serfs. They had to subsistence farm for survival, and pay the nobles above them with part of their crop. If the noble went to war, some of them had to fight as infantry soldiers.

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