Regardless of the substance given, the standard state is defined as,
'The substance in pure form at 1 bar pressure and a specified temperature'.
Cerium can be bi-, tri- or tetravalent.
Cerium hasn't odor.
Cerium was not known by alchemists.
Cerium's atomic number is 58. Thus, to be electrically neutral, cerium must have 58 protons and 58 electrons. 140Ce is its most abundant isotope with 140 - 58 = 82 neutrons.
Cerium is a metal element. Atomic mass of it is 140.
Cerium can be bi-, tri- or tetravalent.
Cerium is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
Cerium is known to exist in the +3 and +4 oxidation states. In its +4 oxidation state, cerium is relatively stable due to its half-filled f-orbital, which provides additional stability. This makes cerium a unique element as most lanthanides almost exclusively exhibit a +3 oxidation state.
The Cerium ion can hold a charge of +2, +3 and +4. The +2 state is rare can only seen with elements H2, I2, and S. Often seen in the form of Cerium(IV) oxide.
Cerium typically forms ionic bonds rather than covalent bonds. In its compounds, cerium usually forms the +3 oxidation state, where it loses three electrons to form ionic bonds with other elements.
Cerium hasn't odor.
Cerium is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with a silvery-white appearance.
Cerium was not known by alchemists.
Promethium has similar chemical properties as cerium; the oxidation state is 3+.
Cerium is a silvery-white metal.
Cerium is reactive but not highly reactive.
The cation of cerium is Ce(3+).