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Does viral replication only occur in mitosis?
No, viral replication can occur in both mitotic and non-mitotic cells. Viruses can hijack the cellular machinery of the host cell to replicate their own genetic material and produce new virus particles regardless of whether the host cell is actively undergoing mitosis.
What two processes are directed by viral genes that are activated inside the host cell?
Replication and assembly of new viral particles are processes directed by viral genes that are activated inside the host cell. The viral genes hijack the host cell machinery to produce more virus particles and assemble them before releasing them to infect other cells.
What are Proteins on the surface of viral particles called?
Proteins on the surface of viral particles are called viral glycoproteins or envelope proteins. These proteins play crucial roles in the virus's ability to attach to and enter host cells, as they often interact with specific receptors on the host cell surface. Additionally, they can elicit immune responses, making them important targets for vaccines and antiviral therapies.
What is latent phase in viral replication?
The latent phase in viral replication refers to a period during the viral life cycle when the virus is present in the host cell but is not actively producing new viral particles. During this phase, the viral genome may integrate into the host's DNA or remain in an inactive state, evading the host's immune response. This phase can last for varying lengths of time and can be triggered by specific environmental factors, leading to reactivation and active replication. It is a critical stage for certain viruses, such as herpesviruses, which can establish lifelong infections.
What injects DNA and RNA into nucleus of the cell to reproduce?
Viruses inject their genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the host cell's nucleus in order to replicate. Once inside, the viral genetic material hijacks the cell's machinery to produce more viral particles.
How does the virus make copies of itself?
Viruses make copies of themselves by hijacking host cells and using the cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material. The virus enters the host cell, releases its genetic material, and tricks the cell into making viral proteins and new viral particles. These new viral particles then go on to infect other cells and continue the cycle of replication.
Does viral replication only occur in mitosis?
No, viral replication can occur in both mitotic and non-mitotic cells. Viruses can hijack the cellular machinery of the host cell to replicate their own genetic material and produce new virus particles regardless of whether the host cell is actively undergoing mitosis.
What two processes are directed by viral genes that are activated inside the host cell?
Replication and assembly of new viral particles are processes directed by viral genes that are activated inside the host cell. The viral genes hijack the host cell machinery to produce more virus particles and assemble them before releasing them to infect other cells.
What occurs during viral uncoating?
During viral uncoating, the viral capsid is disassembled, releasing the viral genome into the host cell. This process allows the viral genome to access the host cell's machinery for replication and production of new virus particles.
Where do viral particles get the materials for the protein - and nucleic acid - synthesis that they need to perform?
To carry out their Viral processes they 'utilize' the resources of The Host Cell.
What are Proteins on the surface of viral particles called?
Proteins on the surface of viral particles are called viral glycoproteins or envelope proteins. These proteins play crucial roles in the virus's ability to attach to and enter host cells, as they often interact with specific receptors on the host cell surface. Additionally, they can elicit immune responses, making them important targets for vaccines and antiviral therapies.
What events stimulates the production of viral particles in a host cell?
Activation of the host cell by cytokines, growth factors, or antigens
Viral RNA uses the normal process of a cell to manufacture?
Viral RNA hijacks the host cell's machinery to replicate and produce viral proteins. It uses the cell's resources and machinery, such as ribosomes and enzymes, to make copies of itself and assemble new viral particles. This process can ultimately lead to the destruction of the host cell.
Why dilute viral suspension when testing for viral plaque?
Diluting viral suspension when testing for viral plaques is essential to achieve an appropriate concentration of viral particles. This ensures that the plaques formed are countable and distinct, allowing for accurate quantification of viral titer. If the suspension is too concentrated, it may lead to overlapping plaques, making it difficult to assess the viral load accurately. Additionally, dilution helps to prevent saturation of the cell monolayer, which can impede the interpretation of results.
What is latent phase in viral replication?
The latent phase in viral replication refers to a period during the viral life cycle when the virus is present in the host cell but is not actively producing new viral particles. During this phase, the viral genome may integrate into the host's DNA or remain in an inactive state, evading the host's immune response. This phase can last for varying lengths of time and can be triggered by specific environmental factors, leading to reactivation and active replication. It is a critical stage for certain viruses, such as herpesviruses, which can establish lifelong infections.
What injects DNA and RNA into nucleus of the cell to reproduce?
Viruses inject their genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the host cell's nucleus in order to replicate. Once inside, the viral genetic material hijacks the cell's machinery to produce more viral particles.
What process is used by some protists to actively ingest food particles?
Some protists use a process called phagocytosis to actively ingest food particles. During phagocytosis, the protist surrounds the food particle with its cell membrane and forms a vesicle, called a food vacuole, to bring the food particle into the cell for digestion.
