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: Diamond is the hardest gem.

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: It is the only gem to rank a 10 on the 1 to 10 Mohs hardness scale. When we talk about "hardness," we're talking about a gem's ability to withstand scratching. As the hardest gem, diamond can scratch, or cut, any other stone, but only a diamond can scratch a diamond. : After diamond, the next hardest gem is sapphire. Even though sapphire ranks 9 on the Mohs scale, it is not nearly as hard as diamond.

: Neither diamond or sapphire, however, is the *toughest* gem. That distinction belongs to nephrite, a type of jade. Toughness measures resistance to breaking, and nephrite jade is tougher than both diamond and sapphire.

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