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The Earth's atmosphere is composed of the following molecules: nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (1%), and then trace amounts of carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, xenon, ozone, iodine, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. Lower altitudes also have quantities of water vapor.

The earth's atmosphere is made up of:

  • Nitrogen (N2) 78.084%
  • Oxygen (O2) 20.946%
  • Argon (Ar) 0.934%
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.0400%
  • Neon (Ne) 0.001818 %
  • Helium (He) 0.000524 %
  • Methane (CH4) 0.0001745 %
  • Krypton (Kr) 0.000114%
  • Hydrogen (H2) 0.000055 %

There is also a varying amount of water vapor, depending on the altitude and conditions where it is measured.
The most common gases in Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and some argon. Nitrogen makes up about 78% and oxygen about 21%, with argon making up less than 1%.

There are a few other gases present in very small amounts, including carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane. These can have significant effects even in very small concentrations.

Water vapour is present in Earth's atmosphere, sometimes in large quantities, but it is not included above because it is a vapour, not a gas. That is, it is capable of condensing to a liquid or solid at the normal temperatures of Earth's atmosphere, and "rains out".

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