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The 0 degree line of latitude separates te northern and the southern hemispheres. It is called the Equator. It circles the Earth, so there are 360 degrees on it.

Lines of latitude mark distances from equator to each respective pole. From 0 degrees latitude (the Equator), there are 90 degrees to each pole. Each degree of latitude is 60 nautical miles. 1 nautical mile is approximately 6,076 feet. So, 90 degrees x 60 nm/degree = 5,400 nautical miles from the Equator to a pole. This is a very rough calculation because the Earth is not perfectly round. Be sure to remember that a statute mile is 5,280 feet (rather than 6,076 feet). So, in terms of statute miles, the Earth's circumference is closer to 25,000 miles.

Air and land navigation typically uses nautical miles of distance measurement. Speed is in nautical miles per hour (called "knots").

Lines of latitude are parallel to each other, and the distance between them is the same no matter how far you are from the Equator. But, lines of longitude (from north pole to south pole) are not parallel -- the distance between them is greatest at the equator (basically 1 nm apart), but the instant you move north or south the distance starts shrinking as the lines of longitutde merge the closer you get to the poles.

Read more: What_lines_measure_distance_north_and_south_equator

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