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They are called symbiotic organisms.

There are 4 basic forms of symbiosis:

A "commensal" organism is one that lives in, on, or with another, and benefits in some way without affecting the other. (e.g. an orchid)

A mutualistic organism is one that benefits and provides a benefit. (e.g. gut bacteria)

An "amensal" organism does not benefit, but does harm. (e.g. accidental predation)

A "parasite" (parasitic organism) is a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism. (e.g. toxic bacteria)

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