Electronegativity increases when atoms have a stronger ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. This tendency is influenced by factors such as atomic size, where smaller atoms with more protons in the nucleus can pull electrons closer. Additionally, elements with a higher effective nuclear charge tend to have greater electronegativity. This trend is typically observed across a period in the Periodic Table, where electronegativity increases from left to right.
Thermal stability increases down a group because the atomic size increases, leading to weaker intermolecular forces and greater distance between atoms, making it harder for the atoms to come together and react. Additionally, the lower electronegativity of larger atoms down the group makes them less likely to form covalent bonds with other atoms, enhancing their thermal stability.
The atoms become smaller in atomic radius.
atoms
Elements with high electronegativity and small size, such as oxygen and fluorine, can react with larger elements in the group with a lower electronegativity. This is because the smaller, more electronegative atoms can "pull" electrons away from the larger atoms, leading to chemical reactions.
Electronegativity - capacity to loss electrons - is representative for the reactivity of chemical elements; for metals low electronegativity is a high reactivity.
Solids comprise of atoms. As temperature increases, the atoms vibrate and move further from each other. The effect makes solids to expand in all directions.
Thermal energy (temperature) is the measurement of kinetic energy of atoms moving in a substance, therefore, as the speed (kinetic energy) of these atoms increases, thermal energy increases as well.
Assuming you mean electronegativity, it is 2.2 on the Pauling scale.
Thermal stability increases down a group because the atomic size increases, leading to weaker intermolecular forces and greater distance between atoms, making it harder for the atoms to come together and react. Additionally, the lower electronegativity of larger atoms down the group makes them less likely to form covalent bonds with other atoms, enhancing their thermal stability.
covalent
As the number of bonds between two carbon atoms increases, their bond length decreases. This is due to the increased electron density, which pulls the atoms closer together. Bond strength also increases as the number of bonds between two carbon atoms increases.
The thermal vibration of the atoms in the material increases the resistance of that substance. The resistance is greatly depends on temperature.
The hydrogen atoms have the much lesser electronegativity in water. That pole is slightly positive because of oxygen being so much more electronegative and having the electrons in the covalent bonds spend more time in it's orbital.
atoms
The atoms become smaller in atomic radius.
When a matter is heated then the vibration of atoms increase and hence the kinetic energy increases.
Atoms combine with other atoms to form compound. It makes the atoms stable.