In each atom electrons spin as well as orbit the nucleus. Moving electrons produce a magnetic field. This is their magnetic movement. If all the magnetic movements of the electrons of the atoms are lined up in the same direction then a magnet is produced.
The proximity of an external magnet will line up the magnetic moments. If there is no external magnetic movement then the moments are lined up in opposite directions and there is no overall magnet.
There are several forms of magnetism.
Diamagnetic substances have paired electrons so their magnetic moments are canceled by each other. These materials are weakly influenced by an external magnetic field, slightly repelled and once the external field is removed there is no lasting effect. Most substances are diamagnetic eg., paper, silver, copper
Paramagnetic substances are weakly attracted by an external magnet. They have some unpaired electrons. Once the external field is removed there is no lasting effect. Example magnesium
Ferromagnetic substances are the ones that we recognize as magnets. They have many unpaired electrons that can be lined up to spin in the same direction and when the external magnet is removed, ferromagnetic material can retain its magnetic properties. Iron, nickel and cobalt are ferromagnetic. They have a high magnetic permeability.
1. What is Magnetism?
Magnetism is a force of nature, like gravity. But it is quite different from gravity in many respects. Gravity is a force of attraction between all objects with mass. Matter can be defined as objects in the universe that have mass (size, any size). Therefore, all matter attracts other matter to it through gravity. Much of the fundamental matter in the Universe also has charge. Whereas there is only one kind of mass, there are two kinds of charge: positive or negative. Objects may contain equal numbers of positive and negative charges and therefore have no net charge overall. Objects with different charges will attract one another very much like how mass attracts mass through gravity. But objects with the same charge will repel one another. This force of attraction or repulsion due to charge is called the electromagnetic force. But what about magnetism, is there a fundamental property of some matter that makes things magnetic? The answer is: "sort of." Electric current is the source of magnetism. Electric current is charge in motion. Anywhere there is an electric current there is a magnetic force field present, just as anywhere there is charge there is an electric force field present, and anywhere there is mass there is a gravitational force field present. If an object has no net electric current flowing through it, {I have edited this part a bit} (meaning if it has no net charge because the negatively charged particles are as numerous as the positively charged particles so they cancel each other out,) there will be no magnetic field overall.
2. Why are some objects magnetic and others are not?
For a macroscopic object made of atoms to be a magnet, the atoms in it have to align with each other {edit} (and the atoms have to be either positively charged or negatively charged, meaning the object has to have either more electrons than protons or vice versa). This will create a large scale magnetic field around the object. In order for the atoms to line up within the material, they have to be able to move freely. In many materials the atoms are held too rigidly in place to be able to line up with any external magnetic field (the field of the earth). If the atoms are randomly oriented (not lined up because they can't move cause they're too packed in there) then they will cancel each other out (regardless of how many electrons or protons there are) and the material will have no net magnetic field.
Potassium is not a magnetic chemical element.
No, selenium is not magnetic. It is a non-magnetic element with no magnetic properties.
Caesium is non-magnetic. It is a diamagnetic element, which means it repels magnetic fields.
No, beryllium is not magnetic. It is a non-magnetic metal with no magnetic properties at room temperature.
Iron has strong magnetic properties due to its atomic structure, especially its ability to align its magnetic domains easily. This makes it easy for iron to become magnetized when placed in a magnetic field, making it a common choice for use in electromagnets.
Potassium is not a magnetic chemical element.
if the element is attracted by any magnet when brought near it then , we can conclude that the element is magnetic.......
No. No, sulfur is not magnetic.
No, selenium is not magnetic. It is a non-magnetic element with no magnetic properties.
Gold, platinum, and silver are common examples of metals used in jewelry that are not magnetic. These metals are non-ferrous, meaning they do not contain iron, which is the element that makes metals magnetic.
Caesium is non-magnetic. It is a diamagnetic element, which means it repels magnetic fields.
Iron
It is magnetic.
Yes, technetium is magnetic. It is a paramagnetic element, meaning it is weakly attracted to magnetic fields. Technetium is the lightest element that has no stable isotopes, which also contributes to its magnetic properties.
This element is iron (Fe).
No, iodine is not magnetic. It is a non-magnetic element and does not interact with magnetic fields in the same way that magnetic materials, such as iron or nickel, do.
No, beryllium is not magnetic. It is a non-magnetic metal with no magnetic properties at room temperature.