What might happen to a new cell if it didn't have the same amount of chromosomes as the original cell?

Answer 1

Then it's a prokaryote cell (such as bacteria). If not a prokaryote then it just wouldn't be a cell because with eukaryote cells, if there are no chromosomes, there is no cell or life with that cell.

Answer 2

There are checkpoints during the cell's replication cycle which prevent a cell with aneuploidy

(a different number of chromosomes).

The spindel

assembly checkpoint during metaphase

of the cell cycle is important for checking for aneuploidy

in cells. At his stage the sister chromosomes attach to each other the cell doesn't divide unless the cell senses that there are the correct number of chromosomes present. If the wrong number of chromosomes are detected, the cell may abort the cell cycle stage into apoptosis

or programed cell death.