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Cadmium is a soft metal quite similar to zinc, but about the colour of tin, and is mainly recovered as a byproduct of zinc refining. Never found as a native metal. May also be recovered from the flues of factory chimneys, where it originated in the coal.

Used to produce a brilliant yellow or orange pigment, but is highly poisonous.

Main industrial uses are in nickel-cadmium batteries, and as control rods in nuclear reactors. Cadmium Telluride finds use as an infra-red optical window, and as a photovoltaic junction. But since grinding is a common optical technique, the production of toxic dust makes it unattractive.

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