carbon dioxide is converted into glucose carbon fixation
The Krebs cycle produces about 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose broken down in aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis can be broken down into two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. In the Calvin cycle, these electrons are used to assimilate carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose.
The Calvin cycle does not directly produce ATP. However, ATP is required as an energy source for the Calvin cycle to function. ATP is typically generated through the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Outside the Calvin cycle, photosynthesis occurs primarily in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light-dependent reactions take place. These reactions capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH while splitting water molecules to release oxygen. Additionally, cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria, where glucose produced during the Calvin cycle is broken down to generate ATP for cellular activities. Other metabolic processes, such as the synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids, also take place outside the Calvin cycle.
One glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis, which breaks it down into two molecules of pyruvate. Each pyruvate then enters the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), where it is fully oxidized. Since each glucose results in two pyruvate molecules, two cycles of the Krebs cycle occur per glucose molecule, leading to the production of CO2 as a byproduct in each cycle. Therefore, a total of six CO2 molecules are generated from one glucose molecule after two Krebs cycles.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is broken down during Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle during cellular respiration to produce ADP (Adenosine diphosphate).
It's completely broken down in 2 turns of the Krebs cycle (:
The Krebs cycle produces about 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose broken down in aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis can be broken down into two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. In the Calvin cycle, these electrons are used to assimilate carbon dioxide into organic molecules like glucose.
Atoms or elements. These can be broken down further into protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Similarity: They are both cycles, therefore both have a reactant that s regenerated. In the Krebs Cycle, oxaloacetate is regenerated. In the Calvin cycle, RuBP is regenerated (ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate). Difference: Glucose is completely broken down in the Krebs Cycle to carbon dioxide, which in the Calvin Cycle, glucose is made as a product.
The glucose molecule is required for aerobic conditions. Glucose is broken down into molecules that along with oxygen enter the citric acid cycle. This produces energy during aerobic conditions.
The Thylakoid Membrane
The light dependent reactions create compounds which store the energy necessary for the Calvin Cycle to take place. This energy is stored in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), among other compounds, during the LDR. In the Calvin cycle, these are broken down, which releses energy. The energy released is used to create bonds between the parts of Glucose Another way to explain it in a simpler way is, when the light reaction has gone through once, it has produced NADH and ATP. These are nessisary for the making of glucose which is what the Calvin cycle does. The NADH and ATP are what power the Calvin cycle.
The Krebs cycle runs twice to break down one molecule of glucose.
PGAL is more commonly know as G3P, or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. It is the final product of the Calvin Cycle, or the dark reaction in plants. Two G3P molecules, which are each 3-carbon compounds, go on to create glucose. RuBP is ribulose bis phosphate . It is an organic compound used in Calvin cycle, it is used to fix CO2 during Calvin cycle . where one CO2 molecule is covalently bonded to RuBP to form an unstable intermediary compound that later breaks down by an enzymatic reactions to form G3P. It is vital for carbon fixation in plants.
The Calvin cycle does not directly produce ATP. However, ATP is required as an energy source for the Calvin cycle to function. ATP is typically generated through the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.