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The common isotope of Helium ( helium 4 ) contains 4 nucleons - 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Ifyou want to consider the quarks which are believed to make up the nucleons you have 6 up-quarks and 6 down-quarks, for a total of 12. You can't add 12 and 4 to make 16 because that would mean counting the quarks twice. So you have 4 or 12, according to taste. If you want to include gluons or other virtual particles you are on your own. Anyway, a certain Mr.Heisenberg (all right, uncertain) tells us the quicker you can count the more there will be.

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Is nuclear symbol for helium the same symbol for a proton?

No the hydrogen nucleus is a proton. The helium nucleus is an alpha particle.


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An alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons; this is what a helium nucleus is made up of as well.


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