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This is the definition of an eclipse. If the Sun, Earth and Moon are in a direct line, the shadow of the Moon can fall on the Earth, or the shadow of the Earth can fall on the Moon.

When the shadow of the Moon falls on the Earth, it creates a moving shadow region called a solar eclipse. If the shadow is not directly aligned, it can create a "partial solar eclipse", which also occurs in the adjacent regions to either side of the complete shadow path during a total solar eclipse.

When the Earth partially darkens the Moon, it is called a lunar eclipse. The sunlight is refracted by Earth's atmosphere, allowing some light to still reach the Moon, giving it a reddish color. An eclipse that does not cover the entire lunar face is called a "partial lunar eclipse".

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