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In a standard non-electronic telephone the transmitter is wired between the two incoming wires of the telephone line. A 'carbon granule' transmitter consists of a small tube filled with carbon granules with a piston at one end attached to a diaphragm. Sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate and compacts or loosens the granules altering their electrical resistance in sympathy with the sound. This modulates the line current and is received at the telephone exchange via a transformer called a 'transmission bridge'.

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