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Red blood cells (RBCs) have a very short lifepsan of around 120 days and when they get old they become inneficient and prone to rupture in narrow cappilaries. However if the cells do not rupture in this way before they end up in the spleen where machrophages engulf and destroy them. The heamoglobin (Hb) is broken down and many of its parts are reused in synthesis of other RBC (the iron is included in this) and what is not reused is converted to a substance called billirubin. This substance is simply used as a method of transport to the liver and to a lesser extend the kidneys. The liver removes the useless metabolites of billirubin as part of the bile, into the duodenum and it is removed with the feaces. The kidneys also excrete some of these metabolites in the urine.

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