The cell body remains intact...
The part of a neuron that typically receives input is called the dendrite. Dendrites are branching extensions of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, allowing the neuron to process incoming information. These signals can then be transmitted to the neuron's cell body for further processing.
axon
The body.
The dendrites are the receiving part of the neuron.
dendrite
No they cannot. Once a Sand Dollar is broken it cannot grow back any part of its body. --- Shawn Caudill
The axon, an elongated portion of the neuron, carries impulses to the muscles.
Motor Neuron
The axon is the part of the neuron that can carry information for long distances.
Soma
Sensory neuron and motor neuron.
synapse
Claws
Cell Body
The synaptic cleft is the area of the neuron that secretes neurotransmitters.
The first part of the neuron to receive an impulse from an adjacent neuron is the dendrites. Dendrites are branch-like structures that extend from the neuron's cell body and are specialized to receive signals from other neurons. When a neurotransmitter is released from the adjacent neuron's axon terminal, it binds to receptors on the dendrites, initiating an electrical impulse that travels through the neuron.
It depends on what you mean by 'main'. The AXON is the part which CONVEYS the neural impulse, which could be thought of as the main FUNCTION of the neuron. But the DENDRITES are the parts which assess whether the neuron has been stimulated enough to fire the axon, which is another fundamental function of some neurons. And the BODY (soma) of the neuron is very much a 'main' part of the neuron, because without it the neuron would die.