Metaphase
During metaphase of mitosis, kinetochores are motionless and positioned at the equator of the cell, aligned in a single plane called the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber from opposite poles of the cell, preparing for the subsequent separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.
Kinetochores move toward the poles during anaphase of mitosis. This movement is driven by the depolymerization of microtubules attached to the kinetochores, pulling the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
The phase you are referring to is called prometaphase. During prometaphase, the microtubules attach to the kinetochores at the centromere of each chromosome, allowing them to move and align properly along the metaphase plate in preparation for separation during anaphase.
During the M phase of cell division, particularly in mitosis, the radiating protein strands at the poles of an animal cell are primarily composed of microtubules. These structures form the mitotic spindle, which helps to segregate chromosomes into the daughter cells. The microtubules extend from the centrosomes, anchoring to the kinetochores of chromosomes to ensure proper alignment and separation. This organization is crucial for accurate cell division and genetic stability.
Anaphase. In this phase of mitosis, the daughter chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
During metaphase of mitosis, kinetochores are motionless and positioned at the equator of the cell, aligned in a single plane called the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber from opposite poles of the cell, preparing for the subsequent separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.
Kinetochores move toward the poles during anaphase of mitosis. This movement is driven by the depolymerization of microtubules attached to the kinetochores, pulling the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
The phase you are referring to is called prometaphase. During prometaphase, the microtubules attach to the kinetochores at the centromere of each chromosome, allowing them to move and align properly along the metaphase plate in preparation for separation during anaphase.
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers during metaphase of mitosis. This attachment ensures that the chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate before they are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell during anaphase.
Anaphase. In this phase of mitosis, the daughter chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
The molecule that allows kinetochores to 'walk' down kinetochore microtubules during cell division is dynein. Dynein is a motor protein that moves along microtubules towards their minus end, helping to transport the chromosomes towards the cell poles.
32 poles
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In a three-phase motor with six poles, there are two groups of poles. Each group consists of three poles, which are spaced 120 degrees apart in the motor's stator. This arrangement allows for the generation of a rotating magnetic field, essential for the motor's operation. Therefore, the configuration of six poles in a three-phase system results in two distinct pole groups.
Telophase is marked by the arrival of the chromosomes at the poles. They will arrive at opposite ends of the poles.
Directly propotional
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