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The most common is Litmus. Litmus is extracted from various Lichens and is a good indicator of both acids and alkalis. Some naturally occurring substances indicate only acids or alkalis such as cochineal and curcumin.

The common litmus paper is impregnated with the dye extract of the Lichen to act as an acidity or alkalinity indicator.

All PH (acidity and alkilinity) measuring devices work based upon whether they accept or donate protons and as such are infact themselves acids or bases.

For greater accuracy other dyes (other than the reactive element) are added to the PH detector which can be chemically engineered to give visible changes in colour at every step on the PH scale.

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