Convection. The same as the shimmering above a hot road in summer, heated material is less dense and rises over cooler material.
convection currents
The upper mantle of Earth begins just beneath the crust, which ranges in thickness from about 5-70 km (3-44 miles) depending on the location. The upper mantle extends to a depth of about 670 km (416 miles) beneath the Earth's surface, marking the boundary with the lower mantle.
Temperature is about 2000 to 3000 degrees celsius maybe less.The mantle is hot but not the hottest layer.It is is the second layer of the Earth. The mantle is the thickest layer of the earth, it is the layer of the earth beneath the crust.Upper mantle and Lower mantle are the two parts of the mantle, The lower mantle is deeper and denser than the upper mantle .
In geological context the fairly solid and rocky surface of the Earth is formally referred to as the "crust", distinct from the mantle beneath it.
The very top of Earth's mantle is known as the lithosphere. It is a rigid layer that consists of both the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust above it. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath it.
The circulation within Earth's mantle is called mantle convection. This process involves the movement of hot material rising and cool material sinking in the mantle, creating convection currents that drive plate tectonics.
mantle
The layer of the Earth below the crust is called the mantle. The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth with a depth of 2,890 kilometers.
The process by which the Earth's crust is returned to the mantle is known as subduction. In subduction zones, oceanic plates are forced beneath continental plates, carrying crustal material back into the mantle where it is recycled. This process is a key part of the Earth's tectonic cycle.
The mantle is beneath the earth's crust, and it circulates in a process known as mantle convection. This convection is driven by the heat from the Earth's core, causing molten rock to move in a circular motion, much like a conveyor belt.
Because earths crust is denser than the mantle
The lower mantle is beneath the crust.
The Earth's mantle is primarily composed of silicate minerals, which give it a greenish-gray color. However, the mantle is located beneath the Earth's crust, so its color is not visible on the surface.
The upper mantle of Earth begins just beneath the crust, which ranges in thickness from about 5-70 km (3-44 miles) depending on the location. The upper mantle extends to a depth of about 670 km (416 miles) beneath the Earth's surface, marking the boundary with the lower mantle.
The Earth's mantle is located beneath the crust and is made up of solid rock. Since it is not accessible for direct smelling, we do not have information on what it smells like.
The Rock Cycle ^_^
The scientific name for the Earth's upper mantle is "asthenosphere." It is a layer of the Earth located beneath the lithosphere and is characterized by its partially molten state, which allows for the movement of tectonic plates.
Temperature is about 2000 to 3000 degrees celsius maybe less.The mantle is hot but not the hottest layer.It is is the second layer of the Earth. The mantle is the thickest layer of the earth, it is the layer of the earth beneath the crust.Upper mantle and Lower mantle are the two parts of the mantle, The lower mantle is deeper and denser than the upper mantle .