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Photosynthesis, same as outside the green house.

So why do we use green houses?

The green house is used to raise the temperature so that the plants start growing and are not killed by cold. It does this is two ways, by constricting air flow and blocking infrared light.

The major part of this is that outside the green house, when the soil absorbs solar energy and turns it into heat, the air will transport that energy away which cools the soil and the plants growing in it. In the green house the warm air is trapped.

To some (small) extent glass will block ultraviolet and infrared rays more than visible light. This stops harmful UV rays from hitting the plants, and it traps the infrared heat emissions from the plants inside the green house.

Actually there is less useful sun light energy reaching the leaves within a green house than if the plants were outside it (try sunbathing under glass) but better control of temperature and humidity allows the plant to grow better anyway.

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