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Voltage is the colloquial term. Actually the word potential difference is to be used. More over emf is another term to be used. Emf is the pd of a cell when it is not placed in a closed circuit or the cell does not deliver any current. As the cell delivers the current then emf will be reduced by an amount of pd across the internal resistance of the cell.

Here emf is by chemical energy converted into electrical form

Same emf can also be produced by using magnetic flux or heat energy and even mechanical energy.

If we use magnetic flux then it is known as electromagnetic induction

As we use heat, then it is termed as thermo emf

Even mechanical energy gives out emf in case of crystals. This is known as piezo electricity

Also as we make a circuit with a cell, resistance and a switch and as we switch on then current flows through resistance and a potential drop is produced across the resistance given by the expression V = i R

This is also known as the voltage drop across the resistor.

Answer

Voltage, or potential difference, is created by charge separation which, as the previous answer indicates, can be achieved in numerous ways. A simple chemical cell or battery, for example, separates charge chemically, causing an imbalance in the quantity of electrons in and, therefore, the charges on, its two electrodes. As a result, one electrode has a higher potential than the other, so there is a potential difference between the two.

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