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At an oceanic subduction zone, the athenosphere is subducted under continental lithosphere, or under other oceanic lithosphere. Friction between these plates causes heat that creates magmas. At a divergent boundary upwelling mantle (athenosphere) decompresses due to reduced pressures, allowing magma to form. This magma is extruded onto the seafloor as pillow basalts, and beneath the seafloors as massive gabbros and sheeted (gabbro) dikes.

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