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Proteins in solution (eg. in blood) bind a lot of water around them, thus preventing excessive amounts of water to be present in tissues or in peritoneal cavity etc.

When the blood is low on proteins (for instance in a case of malnutrition), blood doesnt have the "power" (so called oncotic pressure) to hold water, which can lead to an edema or a collapse of cardiovascular system.

This can be demonstrated for instance on some photos of African children suffering from malnutrition (in this case a diet very low on proteins), who have big bellies (water accumulating in peritoneum due to low blood oncotic pressure) and are therefor looking as if they were kind of fat. This symptom is called Kwashiorkor.

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