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The brainstem, particularly the medulla oblongata, controls the most primitive functions in the body, such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure regulation. This area is responsible for autonomic processes that are vital for survival. Additionally, the hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating basic bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, and temperature control. Together, these structures ensure essential physiological processes continue without conscious effort.

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Why is the brain stem called the primitive part of the brain?

The brain stem stem could be called the "primitive part of the brain" because it was the first brain structure to evolve, and is responsible for our basic vital functions like breathing and heartbeat.


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The brainstem, consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain, is considered the most primitive portion of the brain. It controls basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and swallowing.


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The brainstem, specifically the medulla oblongata, is responsible for regulating automatic bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. This area of the brain controls essential functions to maintain life without conscious effort.


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