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The bonding capabilities of an atom are primarily determined by its electrons, specifically the valence electrons located in the outermost shell. These electrons can be shared, lost, or gained during chemical reactions, leading to the formation of covalent or ionic bonds. The arrangement and number of valence electrons influence how an atom interacts with others, thus defining its chemical behavior.

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Which of the subunits of an atom is most responsible for the bonding of two atoms?

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