Geography is the study of the earth and its people. Maps and globes are some of the tools used to study the physical and human characteristics of our planet. LANDSAT photos and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) help geographers provide information used by government and business leaders as they plan and make decisions.
Our planet, Earth, is part of a solar system made up of a sun, nine planets, and thousands of smaller bodies. Life on Earth could not exist without the heat and light provided by the sun or the atmosphere of gases that surrounds the planet. The earth's rotation creates a twenty-four hour day and night, while its orbit around the sun and 23½ degree tilt produce the seasons.
Inside the earth are layers of varying thickness and composition: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Scientists theorize that volcanoes, earthquakes, and continental drift are caused by the movement of tectonic plates that float on top of the liquid rock in the mantle. The forces of weathering and erosion also continually change the earth's surface.
People have adapted in order to live on various landforms. Mountains, plateaus, valleys, and other landforms are found on land and under the oceans. About 70 percent of the earth's surface is water.
an active volcano affects the surface because of where the place is located
The place on Earth's surface directly above the location where rock breaks during an earthquake is called the epicenter. The epicenter is important because it helps to identify the point on the surface that experiences the strongest shaking and the most intense effects of the earthquake. This term is distinct from the focus, which is the actual underground point where the earthquake originates.
Metamorphic processes or Metamorphism can takes place anywhere, be it above or below the Earths surface, as long as their is a change in the physicochemical (structural and minerological) conditions different from that under which the rocks were originally formed. And this could be as a result of adjustment of solid rocks to increased temperature, pressure and/or chemical activities (chemically active fluids).
Most convection currents exist in the mantle, the layer below the Earth's crust. As the semi-molten rock heats up, it rises closer to the surface, and it sinks as it cools. This is how plate tectonics works, as the crust's plates move on these currents.
The lowest place on Earth: The deepest part of the Mariana Trench (or Marianas Trench) north of New Guinea and south of Guam lies 10944 meters, or 35,797 feet, or 6.8 miles below the surface of the ocean. So far, that would be the lowest place you could go on earth. The lowest place on the surface of the Earth is the shore of the Dead Sea, which is 417 m below sea level. It lies on the border between Jordan and the territories of Israel and the Palestinian West Bank.
Volcanoes are essentially holes in the earths surface through which magma and lava can erupt. when pressure builds up below the earths crust, magma is then forced violently out of the volcanoes.
reference point
earths surface
Water vaporizes only on the surface of the the water when it evaporates. When water boils, vaporization takes place both above and below the surface
an active volcano affects the surface because of where the place is located
The Dead Sea Shore in Israel, Jordan with an elevation of -418m (-1,371ft) below sea level.The Dead Seathe dead sea area
Metamorphic processes or Metamorphism can takes place anywhere, be it above or below the Earths surface, as long as their is a change in the physicochemical (structural and minerological) conditions different from that under which the rocks were originally formed. And this could be as a result of adjustment of solid rocks to increased temperature, pressure and/or chemical activities (chemically active fluids).
The point on Earth's surface directly above the place where an earthquake originates is known as an epicenter.
Absolute Location.
The two layers below Earth's surface where convection takes place are the mantle and the outer core. In the mantle, convection currents are responsible for plate tectonics and the movement of Earth's lithosphere. In the outer core, convection currents drive the movement of molten iron that generates Earth's magnetic field.
Sublimation is when vaporization occurs below the surface of a solid.
It is the epicentre of the earthquake on the earth's surface.