In massive stars, fusion is generally produced in a catalytic cycle of reactions known as the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle. Some large stars use the Triple-Alpha process to transform helium into carbon. In massive, contracting stars, fusion can also be produced in the Neon Burning process and the Oxygen Burning process. And finally, there is the Silicon Burning process that produces iron.
In lighter stars, like our Sun, the Proton-Proton chain process is used to convert hydrogen into helium.
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helium capture
Nuclear fusion occurs in the solar core.
The mass of the star and the related temperature of the stellar core determine the thermonuclear process type of the star. The stars of the solar mass produce energy from Hydrogen in the proton-proton cycle (two and three proton nuclei appear in intermediate stages of the fusion, end product is Helium); stars twice (or more) as heavy run the HNC cycle (Although Helium is here still the end product, Nitrogen and Carbon appear in intermediate fusion stages, too). Once the Hydrogen is used up, gravity collapse makes the temperatures rise until the next , heavier element fusion cycle is activated. As the temperature rises, other numerous fusion cycles can produce all existing elements. The heaviest ones are created in the extraordinary high temperatures of the supernovae-explosions
Two similarities in the life cycle of high-mass stars include the stages of nuclear fusion and the eventual formation of supernovae. Both high-mass stars undergo a series of fusion processes, starting with hydrogen and progressing to heavier elements like helium, carbon, and iron. Ultimately, when they can no longer support fusion, these stars explode as supernovae, leading to the formation of neutron stars or black holes. Additionally, both types of high-mass stars experience significant mass loss through stellar winds throughout their lives.
Nuclear fusion normally occurs at high temperatures and pressures. A fusion reaction would melt the container and would have to be suspended by a magnetic field in a vacuum and the container would have to be continually cooled to prevent a meltdown.
helium capture
In that case, the temperature is hot enough to create all known natural elements.
Nuclear fusion occurs in the solar core.
The mass of the star and the related temperature of the stellar core determine the thermonuclear process type of the star. The stars of the solar mass produce energy from Hydrogen in the proton-proton cycle (two and three proton nuclei appear in intermediate stages of the fusion, end product is Helium); stars twice (or more) as heavy run the HNC cycle (Although Helium is here still the end product, Nitrogen and Carbon appear in intermediate fusion stages, too). Once the Hydrogen is used up, gravity collapse makes the temperatures rise until the next , heavier element fusion cycle is activated. As the temperature rises, other numerous fusion cycles can produce all existing elements. The heaviest ones are created in the extraordinary high temperatures of the supernovae-explosions
High-mass stars end their life cycle in dramatic supernova explosions, leading to the formation of neutron stars or black holes, while low-mass stars, like our Sun, undergo a gentler death, shedding their outer layers to create planetary nebulae and leaving behind a white dwarf. The core collapse in high-mass stars occurs due to gravitational forces overwhelming the pressure from nuclear fusion, whereas low-mass stars gradually decrease fusion rates as they exhaust their nuclear fuel. Consequently, the final stages of their evolution are characterized by vastly different processes and end products.
Two similarities in the life cycle of high-mass stars include the stages of nuclear fusion and the eventual formation of supernovae. Both high-mass stars undergo a series of fusion processes, starting with hydrogen and progressing to heavier elements like helium, carbon, and iron. Ultimately, when they can no longer support fusion, these stars explode as supernovae, leading to the formation of neutron stars or black holes. Additionally, both types of high-mass stars experience significant mass loss through stellar winds throughout their lives.
Nuclear fusion releases huge amounts of energy. It occurs when the nuclei of elements are fused together at high temperatures and high pressure. Fusion energy is used to produce energy for some of the Earth's cities.
Nuclear fusion normally occurs at high temperatures and pressures. A fusion reaction would melt the container and would have to be suspended by a magnetic field in a vacuum and the container would have to be continually cooled to prevent a meltdown.
Yes, high pressure is required for a fusion reaction to occur because it helps bring the nuclei close enough together for the strong nuclear force to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged nuclei. The high pressure creates conditions similar to those found in the core of stars where fusion naturally occurs.
A thermonuclear burst occurs under conditions of extremely high temperature and pressure, causing the fusion of atomic nuclei and resulting in a powerful release of energy.
No, normally it occurs at temperatures of millions of degrees. It does occur at room temperature, but not in significant amount; any possible practical use of "cold fusion" is, so far, speculation.
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