sex linked recessive
Duchenne affects approximately 1 in every 3500 boys, or 20,000 babies born each year worldwide. Because the Duchenne gene is on the X chromosome, the disorder manifests primarily in boys. In nearly 35% of cases, Duchenne is caused by random genetic mutation.
MD is a genetic disorders in which strength and muscle bulk slowly weakens. It is caused by incorrect or missing genetic information. Without this information you can not build or maintain healthy muscles. You slowly lose the ability to walk or even sit up right. This disease can occur at any age in a persons life and there is no known cure.
The arrector pili muscle is the structure responsible for pulling on the hair follicle, causing it to stand up and creating goosebumps. This muscle contracts in response to cold or emotional stimuli, causing the hairs to elevate and creating the appearance of goosebumps on the skin.
Tourette's Syndrome affects the nervous system, which in turn affects the muscular system, causing tics.
Soil bacteria are not responsible for causing diseases in plants or animals. This role is typically played by pathogenic bacteria or other organisms.
The gene is on the short (p) arm of the X chromosome. The gene is known as the dystrophin gene, or simply DMD. It is the longest gene known in the human genome, and codes for the protein dystrophin. According to Aminoff, 2005; the point mutation causing Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is exhibited on the Xp21 gene, belonging to the above stated chromosome.
Duchenne affects approximately 1 in every 3500 boys, or 20,000 babies born each year worldwide. Because the Duchenne gene is on the X chromosome, the disorder manifests primarily in boys. In nearly 35% of cases, Duchenne is caused by random genetic mutation.
There is no known cure for muscular dystrophy, although Eastern philosophies believe that humans can heal many illnesses and conditions by "balancing" the body.In Muscular Dystrophy, prolonged inactivity (such as bed rest and even sitting for long periods) can worsen the disease. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthotic intervention (e.g., ankle-foot orthosis), speech therapy and orthopedic instruments (e.g., wheelchairs and standing frames) may be helpful.Occupational therapy assists the individual with MD in engaging in his/her activities of daily living (self-feeding, self-care activities, etc.) and leisure activities at the most independent level possible
It breaks down the muscle cells, which leads to muscle weakness. Causing defects in the muscle proteins and the death of muscle cells and tissue.
Depends what you mean. There can be a hormonal issue, such as excessive GH secretion which will increase overall growth of the skeletomuscular system. Or no negative feedback of the LH receptors by testosterone causing hyper secretion of testosterone. Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy caused pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles by replacing muscle fibers with fat and fibrous connective tissue, giving the appearance of larger more muscular calves. But I suspect you're referring to the genetic defect in the Myostatin Gene (MSTN) that is found in certain breeds of cattle and dogs.
DefinitionDuchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that involves rapidly worsening muscle weakness.Alternative NamesPseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy; Muscular dystrophy - Duchenne typeCauses, incidence, and risk factorsDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a rapidly-worsening form of muscular dystrophy. Other muscular dystrophies (including Becker's muscular dystrophy) get worse much more slowly.Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a defective gene for dystrophin (a protein in the muscles). However, it often occurs in people without a known family history of the condition.Because of the way the disease is inherited, males are more likely to develop symptoms than are women. The sons of females who are carriers of the disease (women with a defective gene but no symptoms themselves) each have a 50% chance of having the disease. The daughters each have a 50% chance of being carriers.Duchenne muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1 out of every 3,600 male infants. Because this is an inherited disorder, risks include a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.SymptomsSymptoms usually appear before age 6 and may appear as early as infancy. They may include:FatigueMental retardation (possible, but does not worsen over time)Muscle weakness Begins in the legs and pelvis, but also occurs less severely in the arms, neck, and other areas of the bodyDifficulty with motor skills (running, hopping, jumping)Frequent fallsRapidly worsening weaknessProgressive difficulty walkingAbility to walk may be lost by age 12By age 10, the person may need braces for walking. By age 12, most patients are confined to a wheelchair.Signs and testsA complete nervous system (neurological), heart, lung, and muscle exam may show:Abnormal heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)Congestive heart failure or irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmias) -- rareDeformities of the chest and back (scoliosis)Enlarged calf muscles, which are eventually replaced by fat and connective tissue (pseudohypertrophy)Loss of muscle mass (wasting)Muscle contractures in the heels, legsMuscle deformitiesRespiratory disorders, including pneumonia and aspiration of food or fluid into the lungs (in late stages of the disease)Tests may include:Electromyography (EMG)Genetic testsMuscle biopsySerum CPKTreatmentThere is no known cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Treatment aims to control symptoms to maximize quality of life. Gene therapy may become available in the future.Activity is encouraged. Inactivity (such as bedrest) can worsen the muscle disease. Physical therapy may be helpful to maintain muscle strength and function. Orthopedic appliances (such as braces and wheelchairs) may improve mobility and the ability to care for yourself.Support GroupsYou can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. See muscular dystrophy - support group. The Muscular Dystrophy Association is an excellent source of information on this disease.Expectations (prognosis)Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to quickly worsening disability. Death usually occurs by age 25, typically from lung disorders.ComplicationsCardiomyopathyCongestive heart failure (rare)DeformitiesHeart arrhythmias (rare)Mental impairment (varies, usually minimal)Permanent, progressive disability Decreased mobilityDecreased ability to care for selfPneumonia or other respiratory infectionsRespiratory failureCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if:Your child has symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophySymptoms worsen, or new symptoms develop, particularly fever with cough or breathing difficultiesPreventionGenetic counseling is advised if there is a family history of the disorder. Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be detected with about 95% accuracy by genetic studies performed during pregnancy.ReferencesKliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF. Muscular dystrophies. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa:Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 608.
MD is a genetic disorders in which strength and muscle bulk slowly weakens. It is caused by incorrect or missing genetic information. Without this information you can not build or maintain healthy muscles. You slowly lose the ability to walk or even sit up right. This disease can occur at any age in a persons life and there is no known cure.
Sex-linked disorders are genetic conditions that are linked to the sex chromosomes, typically the X chromosome. These disorders are more commonly seen in males because they only have one X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, which can sometimes compensate for the effects of the disorder. Sex-linked disorders can affect individuals by causing a range of symptoms and health issues, such as color blindness, hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These disorders can impact a person's quality of life and may require ongoing medical management.
The nerves responsible for causing headaches are the trigeminal nerve and the occipital nerve.
It is muscular disease of heart causing functional disability of heart.
The hormone responsible for causing lactation in breastfeeding mothers is called prolactin.
The hormone responsible for causing milk production in the body is called prolactin.