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All electrons are the same, they only differ in spin.

The electrons in the outermost energy shell are generally those involved in the formation of chemical bonds particularly when the innermost shells have the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

There are many exceptions . For instance in copper(II) compounds both the outer 5s electron and a 4d electron are involved. The ionisation potential of each successive electron can give a guide as to whether it takes part in bonding or is too tightly held.

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12y ago

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