0.48 liters at STP (standard temperature and pressure)
1000 terabytes = 1 kilabyte, 1000 kilabytes = 1 megabyte, 1000 megabytes= 1 gigabyte One mb is 1024 KB, so one GB is 1024 MB ergo 1024 x 1024=1048567 witch means that 1 GB is 1048567 KB
The Earth's orbit has a relatively low eccentricity compared to some other planets in our solar system. For example, Mercury and Mars have more eccentric orbits than Earth. Venus and Jupiter have orbits that are almost circular, with very low eccentricities.
A typical washing machine is nameplate rated at 10amps MAX. Assuming it runs at the full 10 amps and the machine runs for 30 mins: we do the math. Amps x Volts = Watts. 10A x 120V = 1200 watts. Avg. US electricity is $.08 per 1000watt-hours. At 30 minutes you're using 600 watt-hours. 0.6 x 0.08 = .048. So, about $.05 in electricity per load. The dryer is the electricity hawg. They can use up to 7000watts! If you run it for 1 hour, that's 7000 watt-hours. .08 x 7 = $0.56 . Still not bad. I've not been to a laundromat lately, but I'll assume a load will cost you about $1 or so to wash and higher to dry. In the long run, its cheaper to wash at home.
There are two primary safety features in nuclear power plants. One is some kind of containment structure for the primary system, and the other is some kind of emergency cooling system to cool the nuclear core if things go sideways. The containment structure is designed to keep primary coolant from a major leak in the primary coolant system (and the colant will be radioactive to some degree) from escaping. As bad as that is, the primary mission of containment is to keep nuclear material, which may have broken free of the fuel elements in the core during a meltdown, from getting out into the environment. The clever engineering design and the strength of the reinforced concrete structure are supposed to keep things "under wraps" if it all goes to heck in a handbasket and the primary system is breached. The emergency cooling (XC) systems are designed to cool the fuel elements in the event of a major loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Failure of the primary cooling system could mean a meltdown. We need a way to pump lots of clean, cool water into the reactor vessel to directly cool the fuel if primary coolant is lost. High pressure pumps and a large volume of stored water are needed. Now that we've touched on the containment structure and the emergency cooling system, let's back up a bit. In a reactor, the primary useful product is heat, and we use the primary coolant to carry the heat off to generate steam in a secondary system. When a reactor is shut down after having operated at high power for more than a modest length of time, the fuel in the core still generates an immense amount of heat, and will do so for days after shutdown. The amount of heat is so great that without cooling following a rapid shutdown from extended high power use, the fuel will effortlessly generate enough heat to melt the fuel and the metal inside which it is clad. (That why we need the XC system - to cut this off.) Failure of the fuel cladding will spill the fission products, which are highly radioactive and remain so for many decades or even centuries, into the core. And without cooling, this material will literally "burn through" the reactor vessel itself and end up outside the metal barriers provided by the reactor vessel and all the heavy piping through which the primary coolant flows. If this stuff escapes confinement in the primary system's plumbing, it is hoped that containment inside a "dome" or "blockhouse" of sufficient volume and made of thick, reinforced concrete will hold it. And that's why we have those big, heavy structures in place. The two "biggies" out of the way, we'll need lots of reactor monitoring equipment to keep track of all aspects of the system. There will be temperature and pressure monitoring equipment, and a ton of indicators as to what is open or shut, running or off, high in level or low in level, and more. This equipment will need to be well maintained and will need to work around the clock. We will need radiation monitoring equipment, and we'll need chemical analysis on site to check the status of the coolant and primary plant chemistry on a continuous basis. We will need a well-trained staff who are intimately familiar with all the (well written) operating and contingency procedures for the plant. All the safety features designed into a system and incorporated during construction go for naught if faulty equipment fools operators, or if the operators don't appreciate what their instruments are telling them and act (or react) incorrectly during any evolution of "excursion" they are involved in. Let's all hope everyone does everything right and that everything works correctly. And all of that at all times.
.048
72cc, 52mm bore
048-036-0365
3 048 000 000 000
77 cc
The ISBN of The Silmarillion is 0-048-23139-8.
0.48 US gallons is 1817mL
4 tons
1 petabyte = 1 048 576 gigabytes So, 1 048 576 gigabytes times sixteen is 16 777 216 gigabytes. Hope this helps.
3 048 000
1 048 576 kilobytes are in a gigabyte.
1 megabyte = 1 048 576 bytes