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The first surface vessel to reach the North Pole was the Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika

Sailing from Murmansk, it broke its way through the ice, and reached the North Pole on August 17, 1977.

Arktika is a Nenets word meaning 'End of the Earth'. A rather apt name.

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The name of the first submarine to travel to the North Pole?

You can have two answers to this question. 1, USS Nautilus SSN- 571) reached the position of the Geographical North Pole under the Arctic sea ice at 2315 (EDST) on the 3rd August 1958. 2, On the 17th March, 1959, the USS Skate (SSN-578) surfaced at the position of the North Pole, becoming the first vessel to do so.


How does a latitude position affect water?

It does not. However, areas of high latitude don't get a whole lot of direct sunlight, and are more likely to freeze over - but the ice is just on the surface. The north pole, for example, is in the Arctic Ocean, and the nuclear powered submarine USS Nautilus sailed, submerged under the ice, right through the north pole.


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