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The two-factor theory of intelligence was proposed by psychologist Charles Spearman in the early 20th century. He suggested that intelligence consists of a general factor, known as "g," which represents a common cognitive ability across various tasks, and specific factors ("s") that are unique to particular tasks. This theory emphasizes the interplay between general intelligence and specific skills, suggesting that while individuals may excel in certain areas, a foundational cognitive ability underlies overall intelligence.

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