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Heterotrophic bactera are saprobes (they absorb dead organic material like rotting flesh). Some of these parasitic bacteria kill their host while others help their host. Autotrophic bacteria make their own food, either by photosynthesis (which uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food) or by chemosynthesis (which uses carbon dioxide, water and chemicals like ammonia to make food - these bacteria are called nitrogen fixers and include the bacteria found living in legume roots and in ocean vents).

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