To determine which reaction has a decrease in entropy, we look at the change in the number of gas molecules. A decrease in entropy typically occurs when the number of gas molecules decreases from reactants to products. Among the reactions provided, the formation of ( \text{N}_2\text{O}_4(g) ) from ( 2\text{NO}_2(g) ) results in a decrease in the total number of gas molecules (from 2 moles of ( \text{NO}_2 ) to 1 mole of ( \text{N}_2\text{O}_4 )), indicating a decrease in entropy.
ΔS is positive and ΔG is negative at low temperatures only
According to the balanced chemical equation, 3 liters of hydrogen is required to produce 2 liters of ammonia. So, for 12 liters of ammonia, you would need 18 liters of hydrogen. This is because the ratio of hydrogen to ammonia in the reaction is 3:2.