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Cellular respiration is used in animals to convert food (carbohydrate sugars) into ATP (energy). When animals take in food, it is broken down into monomers. For carbohydrates, these are monosaccharides. Most monosaccharides are then converted into glucose which proceeds into the first part of respiration called glycolsis. Glycolsis takes the glucose and turns it into 2 pyruvates while also releasing a net gain of 2 ATP. These pyruvates are then converted into Actyl-CoA so that they can enter the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle produces NADH, FADH, and ATP. The final step is the electron transport chain which is were the bulk of ATP are produced. This whole process gives a net product of 36 ATP which our cells use to constantly function.
The reverse of this process is photosynthesis. Plants use sunlight and ATP to make glucose. The sunlight goes through two systems called Photosystem II and Photosystem I. This creates the energy needed to run the Calvin cycle.
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