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Moths with lighter coloration were more visible against the darkened bark (as a result of the soot) and were thus more easily spotted by predators. Moths with darker coloration had a selective advantage as they were less visible to predators.

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What is an example of a variation that could give an individual an advantage for surviving and producing offspring?

It depends on the species and their habitat. The classic example is the peppered moth in industrial England. There was a light coloured moth that was common in rural towns and cities. As England became industrialised the air became sooty, darkening the bark of trees that the moths spent most of their time on. The lighter moths became more visible to predators and the darker moths in the same species were better able to blend with the bark of trees, hence being able to survive and pass on their colouration to the next generation. So in this case, an example of a variation that could give an individual a better chance of survival and being able to produce offspring would be colour. Since England has been cleaning up its air through stricter laws against pollution, the process has begun to reverse. In humans i would say being attractive, well off financially, living in a secure environment etc.

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