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Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
What are the progeny cells of a B-cell clone called?
The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called plasma cells. Plasma cells are responsible for secreting large quantities of antibodies specific to a particular antigen.
When IL-2 is secreted by antigen-specific T cells activated due to presentation of antigen by APCs What happens to naive antigen-nonspecific T cells in the vicinity?
Naive antigen-nonspecific T cells do not become activated since they lack the T cell receptor specificity for the particular antigen being presented. They do not respond to IL-2 secreted by the activated antigen-specific T cells and remain in a resting state until they encounter an antigen to which they are specific.
What is a sensitized sheep red blood cell?
A sensitized sheep red blood cell is a red blood cell that has been coated with antibodies specific for a particular antigen. These sensitized cells are commonly used in immunology tests like hemagglutination assays to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a sample.
What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy. In this case, the T cell becomes tolerant to that antigen and is unable to divide or to secrete cytokines. This state of unresponsiveness to antigen is called anergy.
Is T cell activation antigen specific?
Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.
Is an antibodie an antigen?
An antibody is a glycoprotein that is produced by plasma cells. It consists of heavy chains and light chains. An antigen is a molecule that interacts with an antibody (or T-Cell). When the antigen interaction induces an immune response it is known as an immunogen.
What activates a helper T-cell in the immune response process?
A helper T-cell is activated in the immune response process when it recognizes a specific antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell. This interaction triggers the helper T-cell to release signaling molecules that coordinate and enhance the immune response.
What doe the word heterozygous mean in terms of red cell antigen typing?
Heterozygous in red cell antigen typing means that an individual possesses two different alleles for a specific blood group antigen on their red blood cells. This is in contrast to homozygous, where an individual carries two identical alleles for a particular blood group antigen.
How many receptors are present on the cell surface of red blood cell?
It is not fixed for any type of cell in particular that it has such number of cell recepters this number highly varies between different types of cells. I know that the antigen cell receptor is called as an epitope which decides the interaction between a particular antibody. The blood plasma are the highest proportion in blood apart from RBC.
How are helper T cells activated in the immune response?
Helper T cells are activated in the immune response when they encounter an antigen-presenting cell that displays a specific antigen on its surface. This interaction triggers the helper T cell to become activated and release signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response.
To what do antibodies respond?
Antibodies are secreted by a special group of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Each type of cell (including bacteria) has a unique protein on its cell membrane - an antigen. If a lymphocyte does not recognise a particular antigen, it will assume that the cell (or bacterium) is foreign and hostile. This is what antibodies respond to - the stimulus as the result of an unfamiliar cell. The antibodies attach to the antigens and kill the cell, or bacterium.
What is antigen binding?
Antigen binding is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. Antigen binding is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain, and these domains shape the antigen binding site at the amino terminal end of the monomer.
How are antigens removed from bacteria?
Macrophages ( in the lymph nodes ) act like phagocytes to engulf and digest the pathogen. But they do not fully digest it. They separate out the antigens and incorporate them into a cell surface molecule. This is exposed on the surface of the macrophage, which becomes known as an antigen-presenting cell. Its function is to find the lymphocytes that can neutralise that particular antigen.
What are the progeny cells of a B-cell clone called?
The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called plasma cells. Plasma cells are responsible for secreting large quantities of antibodies specific to a particular antigen.
What exists when the immune system does not respone to a particular antigen?
Usually a virus that hides inside a host cell where it is undetectable (the majority of the time) its antigens wouldn't always be presented on the surface of the cell for macrophages to engulf =]
When IL-2 is secreted by antigen-specific T cells activated due to presentation of antigen by APCs What happens to naive antigen-nonspecific T cells in the vicinity?
Naive antigen-nonspecific T cells do not become activated since they lack the T cell receptor specificity for the particular antigen being presented. They do not respond to IL-2 secreted by the activated antigen-specific T cells and remain in a resting state until they encounter an antigen to which they are specific.
