exothermic with the release of energy
Heating a substance increases its temperature by transferring energy to its particles, causing them to move more rapidly and generate heat. This process is commonly achieved through methods such as applying a heat source or subjecting the substance to friction.
To drive off water from a dissolved substance in water, heat is applied to the solution, increasing the temperature. This added heat raises the kinetic energy of the water molecules, causing them to evaporate. As water vapor escapes, the concentration of the dissolved substance increases until the desired level of dryness or crystallization is achieved. This process is often used in techniques like evaporation or distillation.
Evaporation.
One way to separate two substances in a mixture if they are both soluble in water is by using a process called fractional crystallization. This involves selectively precipitating one substance out of the solution by altering the temperature or concentration, allowing the other substance to remain in the solution. The precipitated substance can then be filtered out, leaving the remaining substance dissolved in the solution.
Recrystallization occurs when a solid substance is dissolved in a solvent at an elevated temperature and then slowly cooled down. As the solution cools, the solute molecules come out of solution and form new, purer crystals. This process helps to purify the substance by removing impurities.
Heating a substance increases its temperature by transferring energy to its particles, causing them to move more rapidly and generate heat. This process is commonly achieved through methods such as applying a heat source or subjecting the substance to friction.
The value of q would be negative indicating an endothermic process.
To drive off water from a dissolved substance in water, heat is applied to the solution, increasing the temperature. This added heat raises the kinetic energy of the water molecules, causing them to evaporate. As water vapor escapes, the concentration of the dissolved substance increases until the desired level of dryness or crystallization is achieved. This process is often used in techniques like evaporation or distillation.
This process is exothermic because it releases heat energy into the surroundings.
Le Chatelier's principle of equilibrium can be applied here. In short, it states that if you stress a system at equilibrium, such as that when a substance is partially dissolved, the equilibrium system will shift to the right (increasing solubility) or to the left (decreasing solubility) to relieve the stress. You can treat heat as a substance in these kinds of problems, as in the following:heat + reactants products (endothermic)reactants products + heat (exothermic)In this case the dissolution equilibrium looks like this:heat + solid substance dissolved substance (endothermic)solid substance dissolved substance + heat (exothermic)If you add heat (raise temperature) to an endothermic process, it will shift to the right, causing more substance to dissolve in order to remove the stress of added heat. In other words, the solubility curve will show higher solubility at higher temperature.If you add heat (raise temperature) to an exothermic process, it will shift to the left, causing more substance to precipitate in order to remove the stress of added heat. In other words, the solubility curve will show lower solubility at higher temperature.
Evaporation.
endothermic substances absorb energy when dissolved. Therefore supplying energy(heat) externally will increase the solubility.
generally, a polymer gets dissolved in a solvent (which implies lower density and higher volume). the higher the temperature, the quicker the process, so to answer: the intrinsic volume for a polymer in a particular solvent increases with the temperature.
One way to separate two substances in a mixture if they are both soluble in water is by using a process called fractional crystallization. This involves selectively precipitating one substance out of the solution by altering the temperature or concentration, allowing the other substance to remain in the solution. The precipitated substance can then be filtered out, leaving the remaining substance dissolved in the solution.
Recrystallization occurs when a solid substance is dissolved in a solvent at an elevated temperature and then slowly cooled down. As the solution cools, the solute molecules come out of solution and form new, purer crystals. This process helps to purify the substance by removing impurities.
Boiling process is when a substance or liquid is boiled over a specific temperature. Once the temperature reaches the boiling point, the substance or liquid becomes vapor.
When sodium hydroxide dissolves in water, it is an exothermic reaction, meaning heat is released. This increase in temperature can help to facilitate the dissolution of sodium hydroxide into water because it provides energy for the process.