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  • in alpha decay it loses a helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 neutrons)
  • in beta decay a neutron converts to a proton and it ejects an electron and a neutrino
  • in gamma decay an excited nuclear state relaxes and a gamma photon is emitted
  • in "k-capture" an inner electron is eaten by the nucleus converting a proton to a neutron and it ejects a neutrino

there are also a few other mechanisms.

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