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The explanation for the movement of Earth's plates, known as plate tectonics, began to take shape in the early to mid-20th century. Key contributions included Alfred Wegener's 1912 theory of continental drift, which proposed that continents were once connected and have since moved apart. In the 1960s, advances in oceanography and geology, including the discovery of mid-ocean ridges and seafloor spreading, provided additional evidence. This culminated in the acceptance of plate tectonics as a comprehensive model explaining the dynamic nature of Earth's lithosphere.

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