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When the population of a certain species drops below a critical level, it can disrupt ecological balance as that species may no longer fulfill its role in the food web, such as predator or prey. This decline can lead to overpopulation of other species and depletion of resources, causing further ecological instability. Additionally, the loss of genetic diversity can reduce the resilience of the species to environmental changes, potentially leading to extinction. Overall, such a decline can have cascading effects on the entire ecosystem.

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