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Neurons were first discovered in the late 19th century, with significant contributions from scientists like Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Golgi developed a staining technique in 1873 that allowed for the visualization of individual nerve cells, while Cajal, in the 1890s, provided detailed descriptions of their structure and proposed the neuron doctrine, which established neurons as the basic building blocks of the nervous system. Their combined work laid the foundation for modern neuroscience.

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