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In the sixteenth century, Copernicus suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the Sun, but his model contained no physics. It did not say why the planets should orbit the Sun. Galilao was censured by the Catholic Church and forced to recant his belief in the Copernican model. He then realized that to ultimately win the Copernican model needed a physical basis. Galileo therefore started to quietly develop the new physics needed to explain planetary motions. Isaac newton, who was born the year Galileo died, built on the foundation laid by Galileo. The resulting edifice, Newton's laws, was a grand synthesis that for the first time explained motions both on Earth and in the heavens with a unified set of laws.

The Three Laws of Motion

First law of motion: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion, at a constant velocity unless or until outside forces act upon it.

Second law of motion: The net force acting upon an object is a product of its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

Third law of motion: When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts on the first a force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

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