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When an electric current flows through the lamp filament, it is doing work (W) on that filament. This causes the internal energy (U) to rise which, in turn, causes its temperature to rise. Because the temperature is now higher than the surrounding temperature, heat(Q) transfer takes place to the surroundings.

The change in internal energy of the filament is equal to the following:

change in U = W - Q

This equation accounts for all changes in energy in the filament.

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