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Each element has a distinct binding energy - energy which is required to "glue" the individual constituents of an atom (proton, neutron and electrons) together. During nuclear fission, heavier elements decay into lighter elements, thus changing the binding energy of the individual nuclei formed. This minute change releases energy which, when the large number of decays of atoms per second is considered, produces a high quantity of (thermal) energy which is captured by a nuclear fission reactor.

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