neuron cells
Yes, water does not pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. It must have a special protein channel to move through.The plasma membrane of all cells (archaea, eubacteria, plants, animals, fungi) is made of a double layer of phospholipids, which have tails of hydrophobic (water repelling) fatty acids that aggregate together in the middle of the membrane, and "heads" of a wide variety of phosphate complexes that are hydrophilic (water attracting) and form layers on both the inside and outside of the membrane.This structure forms the basic sheet of membrane that surrounds all cells on their outer surface.Only very small, uncharged, and nonpolar molecules can pass directly through the lipid bilayer structure, because the nonpolar layer of fatty acids tails repels ions (charged atoms or molecules) and molecules of any size that are polar.There are very few molecules small enough to simply diffuse (or float) through this structure.The only examples I can find are nonpolar gas molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.All other molecules must have a specific membrane protein to allow them in or out of cells. These proteins can take various forms (channels, gates, transport mechanisms of multiple types.) Water is a very polar molecule and special channels called aquaporins were discovered in 1990 that allow water molecules to pass through in single file.Since they were first found, hundreds of specific types have been found, including eleven specific types in human cells. Cells that have these channels allow water to diffuse in and out.Cells without them are practically impervious to water.
When placed in an isotonic solution (i.e. a solution where the concentration of water molecules is roughly equal to the that within cells), there is equal diffusion of water into and out of the cells. Therefore, the cells find this environment suitable. In a hypotonic solution (i.e. a solution where the concentration of water molecules is much more than that within cells) water diffuses into cells as a result of which the cells swell. Excessive swelling causes the cells to burst, a phenomenon called cell lysis In a hypertonic solution (i.e. a solution where the concentration of water molecules is lesser than that within cells) water moved out from within cells to the surrounding medium. As a result of this, cells shrink.
Molecules can be a very important piece of information while dealing with moles or mass. For example, one can very easily convert molecules to moles to find the mass of a substance (this needs the # of molecules of the compound/element and the chemical formula). Also, the number of molecules can find moles and atoms through different equations.
You can find examples of meiosis in sexual reproduction processes in plants, animals, and single-celled organisms. These examples can be observed in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in animals and the production of spores in plants and fungi. Cell division during meiosis leads to genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.
ANSWER: nonpolar cavalent bonds and polar covalent bonds
neuron cells
Molecules are found throughout the body in various forms, such as DNA in the nucleus of cells, proteins in muscles and tissues, and hormones traveling through the bloodstream. They play crucial roles in biological processes like metabolism, cell signaling, and maintaining the structure of cells and tissues.
Animalia ( Animal cell), Plantae (Plant cell), Fungi.
You find large numbers of ribosomes in cells that are actively synthesizing proteins, such as in cells that produce a lot of enzymes or structural proteins. These include cells in the pancreas, liver, and muscle cells.
Yes, water does not pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. It must have a special protein channel to move through.The plasma membrane of all cells (archaea, eubacteria, plants, animals, fungi) is made of a double layer of phospholipids, which have tails of hydrophobic (water repelling) fatty acids that aggregate together in the middle of the membrane, and "heads" of a wide variety of phosphate complexes that are hydrophilic (water attracting) and form layers on both the inside and outside of the membrane.This structure forms the basic sheet of membrane that surrounds all cells on their outer surface.Only very small, uncharged, and nonpolar molecules can pass directly through the lipid bilayer structure, because the nonpolar layer of fatty acids tails repels ions (charged atoms or molecules) and molecules of any size that are polar.There are very few molecules small enough to simply diffuse (or float) through this structure.The only examples I can find are nonpolar gas molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.All other molecules must have a specific membrane protein to allow them in or out of cells. These proteins can take various forms (channels, gates, transport mechanisms of multiple types.) Water is a very polar molecule and special channels called aquaporins were discovered in 1990 that allow water molecules to pass through in single file.Since they were first found, hundreds of specific types have been found, including eleven specific types in human cells. Cells that have these channels allow water to diffuse in and out.Cells without them are practically impervious to water.
Find an electron microscope
When placed in an isotonic solution (i.e. a solution where the concentration of water molecules is roughly equal to the that within cells), there is equal diffusion of water into and out of the cells. Therefore, the cells find this environment suitable. In a hypotonic solution (i.e. a solution where the concentration of water molecules is much more than that within cells) water diffuses into cells as a result of which the cells swell. Excessive swelling causes the cells to burst, a phenomenon called cell lysis In a hypertonic solution (i.e. a solution where the concentration of water molecules is lesser than that within cells) water moved out from within cells to the surrounding medium. As a result of this, cells shrink.
you can find amyloplast in animal and plant cells
Yes, DNA molecules are primarily located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where they are organized into structures called chromosomes. The DNA carries the genetic information that determines an organism's traits and functions.
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
Hydrogen bonds are commonly found in molecules containing hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. Water molecules, DNA double helix, and protein structures are notable examples where hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the structure and properties of these molecules.