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U-shaped valleys are commonly caused by glacier activity on the bedrock of the valley. BUT if the rock is not strong enough to support the valley walls when the glacier retreats, then the valley, though glacier-formed, will become V-shaped. Due to wall collapse and stream erosion.

This information is almost always missed when describing glacial valley formation!

IN NZ, classic U-shaped valleys are thus found where the rocks are hard, such as in Fiordland where the rock is granite. Also in Westland, where the sedimentary rocks have been metamorphosed at higher temperature to be hard.

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